APPENDIX A
Fresh admonitions taken from the radio plan “Co w mowie piszczy” [‘What is happening inside the speech’] made contrary to the brand new variations from sibilants, transmitted into 7th out-of myself step 3.
APPENDIX B: Point
Rzadko kiedy dziadek sadza ja sama na kasie. Madzia caly czas musi patrzec czy kasa jest bezpieczna. Nasza gaza nie zawsze pokrywa koszty. Madzia we Kasia maja zakaz ubierania sie w pasiaste ubrania. Cale cialo ma byc zakryte. Czasem chodza create Kazia, zeby sie poskarzyc. Rady Kazia sa malo uzyteczne. Czesto i’m mowi „Ziarnko manage ziarnka a good uzbiera sie miarka”. Czasami zartuje, ze moj szalony braciak maczal w tym palce. W takich sytuacjach siadam w kuchni we pieke ciasto marchewkowe. Ta mazia, ktora czesto mi wychodzi nie smakuje nawet dziadkowi. A jednak nie jest mi go zal, bo nikt nie jest tak nadziany jak into.
Regardless of if she functions difficult, Kasia is certainly going by way of difficult times at the office. Hardly ever really does grandfather make their remain by yourself during the see-away counter. Madzia must guarantee that this new see-out restrict is safe. All of our shell out cannot constantly protection the costs. Madzia and you will Kasia has actually a bar on the wearing striped clothes. The entire system have to be safeguarded. From time to time, they’re going so you’re able to Kazio in order to grumble. Kazio’s guidance is not too of good use. He commonly tells him or her “A cent saved is actually a cent achieved”. Often I state jokingly you to definitely my in love aunt has played a good part inside. To the such circumstances, We sit in the kitchen and you can cook a great carrot cake. The latest substance that often show isn’t delicious for even grandfather. But Really don’t feel sorry having him once the nobody is while the steeped when he was.
APPENDIX C: Mathematical Efficiency
Mean thinking (leftover line) and you may simple deviations (correct line) regarding formant frequencies F1, F2, F3 of your preceding (V1) and you can adopting the vowel (V2) and additionally formant ranges from V1 and you can V2.
Results of combined designs effects Observe that the newest algorithm about lmertest bundle i used for running combined habits indicated that actually t-thinking higher than 2 just weren’t tall. On dining tables exhibited throughout the Appendix we lay https://kissbrides.com/no/blogg/brasilianske-dating-nettsteder-og-apper/ those people p-beliefs within the parentheses (three eg times in total).
” tabindex=”0″> The bottom line is, there can be research that alveolo-palatal sibilants show signs of a general change in this new enunciation away from specific young women.
Towards purposes of today’s analysis, six cities on spectrogram of one’s signal was indeed dependent on place new cursor within after the points:
” tabindex=”0″> The frequency F? is the overall mean of all highest spectral peaks at the given acoustic landmark (mid of frication noises), circular to your nearest kHz. During the Jesus and you will Shadle (2002) and Lousada mais aussi al. (2012), it was shown that this computation of F? and its rounding adapts well to finding the endpoint between the two parts of the spectra (low frequency part from 500 Hz to F? (m1) and high frequency part from F? to the highest frequency (m2)) (see Jesyou and Shadle 2002: 447 for further suggestions). When you look at the Jesus and you may Shadle (2002), a property value 4,one hundred thousand Hz are found to own blog post-alveolar fricatives regarding Western european Portuguese, and in Lousada mais aussi al. (2012: 10), a worth of step three,900 Hz was located for the burst from dental care comes to an end. not, to help you implement which level to the current data, we’d so you can adjust they to the Polish analysis, and when (meaning that simplifying) that host to articulation is more or faster consistent getting involved phonemes. In our case, we found a F? value of 5,000 Hz for all alveolo-palatals. Thus, m1 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the frequency range between 500 Hz and the corresponding F? value 5,000 Hz, and m2 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the range between the F? value of 5,000 Hz and 11,000 Hz.
The results demonstrated when you look at the part step 3 are based on 699 tokens (394 which has /?/ and you will 305 that features ; 325 tokens was built in the fresh new carrier sentence and you may 374 inside the the language). The multidimensional research shown inside the section 4.1 is founded on 1942 tokens.
Towards highest regularity assortment (5,100 Hz in order to eleven,000 Hz) there can be a mathematically significant difference among them variations, namely, new hills of your own regression contours of your own the new variants are steeper.
The bottom line is, the outcome indicate extreme spectral differences between Fundamental Shine sibilants as well as their the brand new alternatives. The study shows that the parameters found in this new LDA is capable discriminate to 83.3% of research regarding fricatives and you can 91.2 % of your studies regarding brand new affricates.
4.dos. Sociolinguistic hypothesis
Into the contribution, this type of and so many more degree recommend that decades, gender, personal classification and a whole lot more public classes and you may speaker services try important determinants out of phonetic type. At the same time, it’s apparent one phonetic type is not reducible so you’re able to anatomic distinctions. It might be debated that each other years and you may gender play a good character throughout the societal shipment of your new variants from alveolo-palatals.
” tabindex=”0″> A comparable linguistic trait could have been understood from the Songyaun dialect regarding Chinese, where ladies is actually claimed to change /?/ having /s?/ on the practical lexical compare /s ? ?/ intoxicated by this new Beijinghua “female accent” (Li 2005;Beckman 2012). This example directly the thing is the chatted about developments inside the Polish. not, that isn’t wanted to believe that the students women who follow such phonetic alternatives “need certainly to” voice childish otherwise young. An additional circumstances, the choice are passionate by the fellow stress that’s maybe not teleological. The students people simply imitate their co-worker in addition to need to sound childish does not compose the prime desire to the change. It’s possible that stereotypes and you may stigmatisations are later on pressed on the the newest alternatives out of sibilants of the more mature audio system. Non-teleological factors like this was ideal into the explore from creaky sound by the American people (Yuasa 2010).
5. Realization and you can completion
Beckman, M. 2012. “Aligning the fresh new timelines of phonological order and alter”. Report provided during the second Working area for the Voice Alter. Munich. Research into the Google College student
McMurray, B. and you may Good. Jongman. 2011. “Exactly what info is necessary for speech categorization? Using variability in the message signal from the integrating signs computed cousin to help you assumption”. Psychological Opinion 118. 219–246. /a0022325 Look from inside the Google Beginner
Zygis, Yards., D. Pape and you may L. God. 2012. “(Non)retroflex Slavic affricates in addition to their inspiration. Proof out-of Czech and you will Gloss”. Log of your International Phonetic Organization 42(3). 281–329. /S0025100312000205 Look from inside the Google Pupil